Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Born in Frankfurt-on-the-Main on August 28th, 1749, Goethe is often regarded as one of the greatest names in German literature, his dramatic poem Faust regarded as his most celebrated artistic work. He is also respected as a scientist. His work explored science, philosophy, poetry, music and literature. Many scholars regard Johann Von Goethe as one of the most accomplished thinkers of modern times. Quantum theorist, Werner Heisenberg was a keen follower of Goethe and dedicated a chapter of his book, “Across the Frontiers” to his work.
Goethe himself saw his principle legacy to mankind as being his research activities in the realm of science. Goethe argued that scientific research had to begin with the observation of the actual phenomenon; he maintained that it was not possible to divorce oneself from participation in nature. This approach is contrary to theory-based form of scientific research. His approach could be considered more holistic.
Goethe’s concept of morphology is fundamental element to the Darwinist theory of evolution is his most widely known contribution to science. Using his morphological technique, in 1784, he proved that the intermaxillary bone, known to exist in animals, could also be found in the human jaw. At this time the lack of this bone was considered by the majority of scientists to signify the fundamental difference between man and animals. It was a discovery of great importance to Goethe, as it proved that there was a basic anatomical model shared by humans and all higher animals.